Warp drives are a theoretical propulsion system that would allow spacecraft to travel faster than the speed of light by warping the fabric of spacetime around the spacecraft. While they are currently purely hypothetical and there are many theoretical and practical challenges to be overcome, they are a popular topic in science fiction and continue to be an area of research for scientists and engineers.
Warp drive theories are still very speculative and largely based on mathematical models rather than experimental evidence. In contrast, current spacecraft propulsion technologies rely on the principles of Newtonian physics and have been extensively tested and used in practical applications. The main concept behind warp drives is that they would allow spacecraft to travel through space by bending the fabric of spacetime itself. This could potentially allow for travel faster than the speed of light, which is currently thought to be impossible for objects with mass. However, there are many practical challenges that would need to be overcome before warp drives could become a reality, such as the immense amounts of energy that would be required and the potential dangers of altering the fabric of spacetime.
Current spacecraft propulsion technologies, such as chemical rockets, ion thrusters, and electric propulsion, are based on Newtonian physics and do not attempt to bend spacetime. While these technologies are much slower than the speeds that could potentially be achieved with a warp drive, they are currently the most practical and reliable means of propulsion for spacecraft.
1)The first question we ask today is. What exactly is a photon and could our misunderstanding of a photon be the reason we haven’t achieved warp drive technology yet?
2)The second question we need to ask is, where exactly does a photon get energy to travel for infinite distance?
3) why are there virtual particles in our universe to begin with and could our universe exist without them?
4) When a virtual positron comes in contact with a virtual electron do they combine or annihilate, because the two create two different results?
5)when a real object made of n atoms is placed in space what does it do to the virtual particles in the fabric of space?
6)what does that real object do to the virtual particles in space when it’s in motion?
7)are the virtual particles capable of exerting any force from the fabric of space as a form of zero-point energy to propel/push anything?
8)what exactly is mass and is our understanding of mass correct? what if we had an alternative description of mass could it help us, is it testable and what observation can we find to support either theory for creation of mass.
9)what about Einstein description of matter tells space how to bend and space tell matter how to move while it is a correct observation what exactly in mass tell space how to bend, how does matter communicate with space in the first place and could we describe that process to help us get to warp drive technology?
10) what exactly does the equation E=mc^2 mean?
There so many questions I can ask as a requirement to achieve a perfect functioning warp drive and really, I might not have all the answers right and all the equations needed to provide you with a clear path but I will try to at least sketch a better path for our future to the creation of warp drives. It is not that zero-point energy doesn’t exist that has kept us away from using it for propulsion, it is not that warp drives are impossible to make but it is simply a fact that certain misunderstandings in physics have prevented us from doing so and until we describe or solve those problems in a correct way and understanding the deeper meanings, we will not be able to easily make them.
What exactly is a photon and could our misunderstanding of a photon be the reason we haven’t achieved warp drive technology yet?
A photon is a fundamental particle of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, and gamma rays. It is considered to be a quantum of energy, which means that it is the smallest amount of energy that can be emitted or absorbed in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
Photons are massless and have no electric charge. They travel at a constant speed in a vacuum, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second, denoted by the symbol 'c'. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength, according to the equation E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency.
According to todays accepted physics theories There are no similarities between a photon and a warp drive as they are completely different concepts.
A photon is a fundamental particle of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, while a warp drive is a theoretical propulsion system that could potentially allow faster-than-light travel by distorting space-time.
But in essence that isn’t true the very photon that we consider as a particle and a wave is actually a Natural Warp drive as a particle and let’s leave the wave properties for now as we continue, we shall see why.
The sea of virtual particles doesn’t interact directly with the photon due to the fact that it’s actually made up of a positron and an electron moving extremely fast in a circular manner but can never catch up to each other this circular and extremely fast motion of two particles with the opposite charges but similar energy and magnetic moments repels all virtual particles in space hence making photons massless but also warping space. Below we shall examine other ways that could describe the same photon but as two photons due to virtual electron and positron combination and at this time we shall no take up any non-flexible position and say anything is possible and perhaps the reader could add something too
According to Todays accepted theories of physics photons don’t need any additional energy to continue traveling through space at its constant speed because it has no mass. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, massless particles such as photons always travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and do not experience time dilation or length contraction.
The energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency, as described by the equation E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency. The frequency of a photon determines its color or wavelength, and as it travels through space, its frequency remains constant, so its energy does not change.
In a vacuum, a photon can travel indefinitely without losing energy, but as it passes through a medium such as air or water, it can interact with atoms and lose some of its energy through processes such as scattering or absorption. However, the amount of energy lost is typically small, so photons can still travel over long distances before being completely stoped
why are there virtual particles in our universe and could our universe exist without them?.
According to todays accepted theories of physics, Virtual particles are a feature of the quantum world and arise as a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which states that we cannot precisely measure certain complementary properties of a particle, such as its position and momentum, simultaneously.
In the quantum world, particles can spontaneously appear and disappear in pairs, with the total energy and other conserved properties being conserved. These virtual particles are sometimes referred to as "quantum fluctuations" or "vacuum fluctuations," as they arise from the inherent uncertainty of the vacuum state.
Virtual particles play an important role in many areas of physics, including quantum field theory, particle physics, and cosmology. For example, they can explain the behavior of the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces, and they are believed to play a role in the early universe during inflation.
It is unclear whether the universe could exist without virtual particles, as they are an inherent feature of the quantum world. However, the effects of virtual particles are typically very small and are only noticeable at very small length scales or in extreme conditions, such as near black holes or during the early universe. So, the universe would likely still exist and function in a similar way even if virtual particles did not exist.
But I don’t really believe so as virtual particles are the dominant dynamic activity in the fabric of space ,there is a very high possibility that virtual particles could actually be the source of mass in our universe and that without them all particles would be massless just like the photon .These possibility of virtual particles giving mass to matter is strongly supported by the fact that they can provide a force that was named as Casmir force and was even measured .Its not likely that the whole fabric of space will sit still and no equivalent mass of virtual particles would be excited or extracted from space to resist the motion or presence of all matter except matter that can repel them.
when a virtual positron comes into contact with a virtual electron do they annihilate or do they combine? According to todays accepted theory When a virtual positron and a virtual electron come into contact, they can briefly form a virtual positronium atom before annihilating each other. The formation of virtual positronium is described by the following equation:
e⁺ + e⁻ → Ps*
where e⁺ and e⁻ represent the virtual positron and virtual electron, respectively, and Ps* represents the virtual positronium in its excited state.
After the virtual positron and virtual electron form virtual positronium, they quickly annihilate each other, releasing two photons as described by the following equation:
Ps* → γ + γ
where γ represents a photon. The energy of the two photons is equal to the mass energy of the virtual positronium. Since virtual particles exist only fleetingly, these processes occur on a very short time scale and are not directly observable.
These phenomenon is also observed when we try to separate two quarks I believe due to the fact that the two quarks are so tightly bound in the proton or neutron that an extra one is formed from the energy used to attempt to separate them ,the explanation here is different but I think its false .
So I will let the reader be the Judge and the jury of the role of virtual particles and why photons are massless and how can we look at all these in more detail.
when a real object made of n atoms is placed in space what does it do to the virtual particles in that area of space and are there any equations to describe that.
According to the accepted physics theories When a real object made of n atoms is placed in a space, it can interact with virtual particles in the surrounding space. Virtual particles are constantly popping in and out of existence, and they can interact with matter through a variety of mechanisms, such as the exchange of virtual photons.
The presence of the object can modify the virtual particle environment in its vicinity, which can in turn affect the properties of the object itself. For example, the presence of nearby virtual particles can cause the object's electrons to shift to slightly different energy levels, leading to changes in the object's optical or magnetic properties.
The interaction between matter and virtual particles is a complex process that is typically described using quantum field theory. However, the exact equations that describe the interaction of a real object with virtual particles depend on the specific properties of the object and the surrounding virtual particle environment, and are often difficult to calculate precisely.
In general, the effect of the presence of a real object on virtual particles can be thought of as a modification of the local vacuum state. This modification can lead to a range of phenomena, including the Casimir effect, which is a small attractive force that arises between two parallel metal plates due to the modification of the virtual particle environment between the plates.
what does the real object do to the virtual particles in space when it is in motion? When a real object is in motion through space, it can create a disturbance in the virtual particle environment in its vicinity, which can lead to various effects such as the emission of radiation.
The interaction between a moving object and virtual particles can be described using quantum field theory and the mathematical formalism of relativistic quantum electrodynamics. One way to represent this interaction is through the Feynman diagram, which is a pictorial representation of the mathematical terms involved in a particle interaction.
For example, a Feynman diagram that represents the interaction between a moving electron and a virtual photon can be written as:
e⁻(p) + γ*(k) → e⁻(p') + γ(k')
where e⁻ represents the electron, γ* represents the virtual photon, and p, k, p', and k' represent the momenta of the particles before and after the interaction. The asterisk on γ indicates that it is a virtual photon.
In this diagram, the electron is represented as a solid line, while the virtual photon is represented as a wavy line. The direction of the arrows indicates the direction of particle flow.
The specifics of the Feynman diagram will depend on the details of the interaction, such as the velocity and energy of the object, the strength of the electromagnetic field, and the properties of the virtual particles in the surrounding space.
what exactly is mass and is our understanding of mass correct what if we had an alternative description of mass could it help us is it testable what observations can we find to support either theory of creation of mass ?.
Mass is a fundamental property of matter that quantifies the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity that is typically measured in units such as kilograms or pounds. In the context of special relativity, mass is also equivalent to energy, as described by Einstein's famous equation, E=mc², which relates an object's mass to its energy content.
Our current understanding of mass is based on the Standard Model of particle physics, which describes the behavior of subatomic particles and the forces that govern their interactions. According to this model, mass arises from the interaction of particles with the Higgs field, which is a quantum field that permeates all of space.
While the Standard Model has been incredibly successful in predicting the behavior of subatomic particles, it is known to be incomplete and cannot account for certain phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy. Therefore, physicists are actively seeking alternative theories that can provide a more comprehensive description of the nature of mass and its origins.
One proposed alternative theory is known as the emergent gravity theory, which suggests that gravity is not a fundamental force but rather an emergent property of spacetime. According to this theory, mass arises from the collective behavior of large numbers of subatomic particles, which creates a curvature in spacetime that gives rise to the gravitational force.
The idea of emergent gravity is still in its early stages of development and is not yet widely accepted within the physics community. However, there are ongoing efforts to test this theory and other alternative theories of mass, such as through experiments involving gravitational waves and high-energy particle collisions.
Despite the fact that all space is a dynamic sea of virtual particles our physics theories take no account of their effects or resistance they should exert to any motion of any matter in the fabric of space ,our physics also doesn’t take into account the virtual photons or particles that could actually be the messenger for a given mass to curve space in proportion to its energy or mass.we see several observation on earth where reduction in surface tension led to motion of objects floating on water ,we also observe that points of increased temperature on various surfaces will allow objects take that direction of motion due to reduction of surface tension. I understand that space has no surface tension but as an analogy curvature of space cant just happen that accurately without a messenger from the matter, what is the mechanism by which matter communicates with space to enable it curve the only one that we can ever think of is virtual particles in space its self which sense the real particles in the vicinity and are extracted from space in proportion to the real particles in the matter leading to curvature of space in proportion to mass.
Einstein's description of matter tells space how to bend and space tells matter how to move how does matter communicate with space in the first place and could we describe that process in more detail?.
Einstein's theory of general relativity describes how the presence of matter and energy in spacetime can cause it to curve and warp, creating the gravitational force that we observe. In this theory, matter communicates with space through the stress-energy tensor, which is a mathematical object that describes the distribution of matter and energy in spacetime.
The stress-energy tensor contains information about the mass, momentum, energy, and pressure of the matter and radiation present in a given region of spacetime. This information is used to calculate the curvature of spacetime, which in turn determines how matter moves under the influence of gravity.
According to general relativity, matter and energy curve spacetime in the same way that a heavy ball placed on a trampoline causes it to sag and deform. Similarly, the presence of matter and energy in spacetime causes it to curve and deform, altering the paths of objects that move through it.
The concept of matter communicating with space is a key aspect of general relativity, as it reflects the idea that gravity is not a force that is transmitted between objects, but rather a manifestation of the curvature of spacetime itself. In this view, matter and space are intimately connected, and the geometry of spacetime is determined by the distribution of matter and energy within it.
The following is Einstein’s equation of how matter warps space. Einstein's equation that describes how matter and energy warp space is known as the Einstein field equations. In its simplest form, the equation can be written as:
Rμν - 1/2 gμν R = 8πTμν
Here, Rμν is the Ricci curvature tensor, which describes the curvature of spacetime, gμν is the metric tensor, which encodes the geometry of spacetime, R is the scalar curvature, which describes the overall curvature of spacetime, and Tμν is the stress-energy tensor, which describes the distribution of matter and energy in spacetime.
The left-hand side of the equation describes the geometry of spacetime, while the right-hand side describes the matter and energy content of spacetime. The equation states that the curvature of spacetime is determined by the distribution of matter and energy within it.
In other words, the presence of matter and energy in a given region of spacetime causes spacetime to curve and deform, creating a gravitational field that affects the motion of other objects in the vicinity. This is the basis of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which provides a comprehensive description of the behavior of gravity and its effects on the universe.
If we Modify the same Einstein's equation to include matter being affected by surrounding virtual particles to warp space and time
Einstein's equation for the curvature of spacetime already includes the effect of matter and energy on the geometry of spacetime. However, it is possible to modify the equation to include the effect of virtual particles on the matter that is present.
One possible modification is to include the stress-energy tensor of the virtual particles in the equation, which would give:
Rμν - 1/2 gμν R = 8π (Tμν_m + Tμν_v)
Here, Tμν_m is the stress-energy tensor for the matter that is present, and Tμν_v is the stress-energy tensor for the virtual particles in the vicinity. The term (Tμν_m + Tμν_v) represents the total stress-energy tensor for both the matter and the virtual particles in the region. This modified equation suggests that the presence of virtual particles can affect the curvature of spacetime and the motion of matter within it. However, the effects of virtual particles are generally considered to be negligible on the scales of ordinary matter and energy, and so their contribution to the curvature of spacetime is typically ignored in most calculations.
I strongly believe that even if we can do it that way it would be wrong .Why would it be wrong this is because the amount of matter actually doing the curving is exactly equal to real matter hence it isn’t equal to both real matter and virtual matter but only one value which is virtual matter so the equation should be as below the same as that of Ein steins
Tμν_m = Tμν_v
Rμν - 1/2 gμν R = 8π ( Tμν_v)
Readers are free to discuss this and consider their own modifications and reasons in the comments below.
what exactly does E = mc^2 mean ?.
E = mc^2 is one of the most famous equations in physics, and it relates energy (E) to mass (m) and the speed of light (c). Specifically, the equation states that the energy (E) of a particle or object is equal to its mass (m) multiplied by the square of the speed of light (c) in vacuum.
In other words, the equation suggests that mass and energy are fundamentally interchangeable and that a certain amount of mass can be converted into an equivalent amount of energy, and vice versa. This conversion is known as "mass-energy equivalence" or "mass-energy conversion."
The equation was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905 as part of his special theory of relativity, and it has since become a cornerstone of modern physics. The equation has many practical applications, ranging from nuclear energy and particle physics to medical imaging and radiation therapy.
It's important to note that the equation applies only to systems that are at rest or moving at a constant velocity. For systems that are accelerating or subject to other forces, more complex equations are required to describe their behavior.
While the above is a correct description of what it means, it also implies that all matter is made up of positrons and electrons as multiplies of it because when totally destroyed its able to totally get reduced to energy in the form of electromagnetic energy whose basic unit is a photon. That equation wouldn’t be possible if all matter couldn’t be reduced totally to quantities of photons and nothing else . hence all matter is equal to its amount of virtual matter in mass. Thus
Tμν_m = Tμν_v in einsteins field equations.
In summary
Warp drives are a theoretical propulsion system that would allow spacecraft to travel faster than the speed of light by warping or manipulating spacetime. While this concept is still purely theoretical, it has been explored extensively above.
Virtual particles are a phenomenon in quantum mechanics that arise due to the uncertainty principle. These particles are thought to exist in a state of constant flux, popping in and out of existence in the vacuum of space. Virtual particles are able to interact to create a photon a perfect natural massless warp drive from which we can learn a lot in order to create physical warp drives to explore the universe as it doesn’t require energy except to maintain the symmetry of a photon in space . This idea is still highly speculative and has not been supported by experimental evidence as even though I have all the knowledge I don’t have the finance or a team whom I could pay or an area where we could create or test the above .We have discussed how mass is created and how mass curves space and why Ein steins equations work so well .We have proved to you that all matter is made up of multiples of electrons and positrons an idea with unimaginable implications which I intend to expand for other technologies.
We have proved that our universe cant exist without virtual particles actively functioning in the fabric of space ,we can only imagine areas in the universe with no virtual particles might exists and one would then have no mass in such regions but perhaps one might even be invisible as no interaction of real matter with space might led to no photon being generated to tell us that something is present a technology that can be exploited for cloaking in space and on earth for invisibility purposes.
Written By Dr Kasule Francis,
drkasulefrancis@gmail.com.
25/2/23
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